Tooth sensitivity is a common dental issue that involves discomfort or pain in the teeth when encountering certain substances and temperatures. Pain caused by hot or cold foods can be a sign of a cavity, but it is also common in people with sensitive teeth. The pain is usually sharp and sudden, but temporary.

Fortunately, sensitive teeth can often be treated once the cause is identified.

What Causes Tooth Sensitivity?

In healthy teeth, enamel protects the softer dentin layer underneath. When dentin is exposed, pain and discomfort can occur because dentin is connected to the nerves inside your teeth.

Thin Enamel and Exposed Dentin

Some people naturally have more sensitive teeth than others because they have thinner enamel. Enamel is the outer layer that protects the tooth, and when it wears down, sensitivity becomes more likely.

Common Reasons Enamel Can Wear Away

• Brushing your teeth too hard, which can wear down enamel.
• Gum recession and inflammation that expose the roots and dentin.
• Cracked or broken teeth that trigger sensitivity due to inflammation or infection.
• Teeth grinding, also known as bruxism, which can damage enamel enough to expose dentin.
• Highly acidic foods and drinks, or excessive use of acidic mouthwashes.
• Teeth whitening, which may cause temporary sensitivity.
• Dental procedures such as crown replacement or tooth restoration, which can cause temporary sensitivity.
• Medical conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux, which can expose teeth to stomach acid over time.
• Conditions that cause frequent vomiting, including gastroparesis and bulimia.

When Should You See a Dentist?

If tooth sensitivity continues, becomes more intense, or affects your daily life, a dental examination can help identify whether the cause is enamel wear, gum recession, decay, or another dental problem.